The results of the study of the level of tobacco use among patients with schizophrenia and some factors affecting it

Abstract

Background: Cigarettes are used by smoking, chewing, and snifÏng, and contain a substance called nicotine, which has a narcotic effect and is capable of causing addiction.Cigarettes contain more than 5,000 types of toxic chemicals, of which about 250 cause 60 types of cancer and 48 types of non-cancer diseases. Tobacco kills half of its users, and according to WHO estimates, 8 million people die each year from tobacco use disorders, and 1.2 million people die from second-hand smoke. Internationally, there are many studies related to the use of tobacco by patients with schizophrenia, but the fact that there is no research on this topic in our country is the basis of our research. Aim: To study the level of tobacco use and some factors influencing it among patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted using a descriptive survey model, random sampling method, and a questionnaire survey from March 2023 to August 2023 based on outpatient clinics and clinics of the National Health Service. Ethical permission to conduct research was discussed and ethical permission was obtained on 03-02-2023 at the meeting of the Research Ethics Control Committee of ASHUU on February 17, 2023, and the permission was obtained through the consent form identified by the therapists and attached to the research card. Research indicators were graphically represented and tabulated using Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel programs, summary and detailed statistical processing was performed using STATA 14 software. Results: A total of 209 schizophrenic patients aged 18–79 years were included in the study, 48.8% (n=102) were male and 51.2% (n=107) were female. It was determined that 57.9% (n=121) of the schizophrenic patients who use tobacco use tobacco, and 42.1% (n=88) do not use tobacco. When comparing total smoking with general demographics, age (p=0.230), nationality (p=0.261), education (p=0.292), being married (p=0.553), and living with someone at home (p=0.896), where they live (p=0.896), employment status (p=0.702), and lineage (p=0.942) were not statistically significant (p=0), while gender (p=0.002) was statistically significant was related. 36% (n=44) of physicians who use tobacco have completed secondary education, 74% (n=90) are single, 84% (n=102) have been diagnosed with work disability, 34% (n=42) live in an apartment, 33% (n=41) lived in a shack, and the average age at which they started smoking was 22.9±10.4 years, the duration of smoking was 19.9±12.3 years, and the total number of cigarettes smoked per day was 16±14 between are determined respectively. Conclusions: Among schizophrenic patients who use cigarettes, the level of nicotine dependence is 30.5% very low, 19.8% low, 11.5% moderate, 24.7% high dependence, and 13.2% very high dependence. Commonly used cigarettes had high levels of toxicity, and this was related to the number of cigarettes consumed per day and nicotine dependence. Factors that contribute to smoking include father’s smoking, as well as increased smoking after developing the disease, which may be due to imitation.