A Comparative study of the effects of apigenin-7-O and 6-C-glucosides on cancer and normal cell culture

Abstract

Background: Researchers have noted that 60% of anti-tumor drugs are of plant origin, and research into drugs that selectively inhibit cancer cell growth is ongoing. There is information about apigenin-7-O-glucoside’s anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties and apigenin-6-C-glucoside’s anti-tumor effects. Still, there is a lack of evidence comparing these in tumor and normal cell cultures, which is why this study is conducted. Aim: To compare the effects of apigenin-7-O and 6-C-glucoside on tumor RAW264.7 leukemia cells and murine peritoneal macrophage cell cultures. Purpose: We aimed to compare in vitro the antiproliferative effects of apigenin-7-O and apigenin-6-C-glucoside on RAW264.7 cancer cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a comparative experimental design in vitro in mouse peritoneal macrophage cells and RAW 264.7 tumor cell lines. Apigenin-7-O (A7O) and apigenin-6-C-glucoside (A6C) isolated from the Pyrethtum pulchrum plant were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and used in the experiment. After 24 hours of serial doses of these substances, the effect on cell culture was determined by calculating the relative parameters of live cells using the MTT reagent. The 50% inhibitory activity (IC50) for cell culture was calculated using an online calculator, and the selectivity index (SI) for inhibiting tumor cell growth was calculated by comparing the IC50 for inhibiting tumor cell culture with the IC50 for inhibiting primary normal cell culture. Results: A6C over 10 µM, A7O over 2.5 µM killed RAW264.7 tumor cells, A6C over 200 µM and A7O-glucoside over 100 µM killed peritoneal macrophages, respectively. they were determined that there is. IC50 (A6C)=80 μM and IC50 (A7O)=14.31 μM when calculating 50% tumor cell growth inhibitory activity. The 50% inhibitory activity of peritoneal macrophage cell growth was relatively high (184.2-228.2 μM), which indicated that these agents killed tumor cells at low doses but not normal cells—considering the selective index of tumor cell growth inhibition, SI(A6C)=2.85 and SI(A7O)=13.1, which shows that A7O is more active compound than A6C. Conclusion: Apigenin-7-O and 6-C-glucoside have been shown to selectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells.