Study of mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19

Abstract

Background: There is insufÏcient information about the clinical features of COVID-19 and the risk factors that influence it. Some researchers noted that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, cancer, and acute kidney injury are risk factors leading to COVID-19-related mortality. Our country, revealed the SARS-CoV2 subtypes, clinical stages, and features of COVID-19, yet the risk factors that lead to complications and mortality have not been studied, which is the basis of our research. Aim: To study the characteristics of the clinical stages of COVID-19, and to determine risk factors affecting life-threatening complications and causes of death. Materials and Methods: Adult inpatients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed from national, provincial, and municipal health reports from April 1, 2020, to October 1, 2021. Results: 554 non-survivor and 161 survivors, for a total of 715 patients were included in the final analysis. Female patients accounted for 51.5% of all patients. The mean age was 65.5 (18-100) years, and patients in the non-survivor group were much older than those in the survivor group [57 years vs. 69 years, p<0.001]. Most of the cases in the non-survivor group had unvaccinated (139; 25%). The top five symptoms in all patients were cough (78.3%), dyspnea (74.5%), fever (39.9%), chest pain (46.3%), and fatigue (26.9%). Factors of comorbidity such as cardiovascular disease (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), and cancer (p=0.003), were statistically significant. Patients with hypertension (OR: 5.065, 95% CI, 3.065-8.368, p<0.001) were significantly different between survivor and non-survivor groups. Conclusion: Elderly, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension were the major predictors of COVID-19 patient mortality in the multivariate analysis.