Study of complications of co-infection with coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with tuberculosis

Abstract

Background: Mongolia is one of the highest Tuberculosis burdens countries.Mongolia’s tuberculosis incidence rate per 100,000 per capita ranks fourth in Western Pacific Region. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2), was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Until 24 November 2020, 984,256 confirmed cases and 2,139 mortalities were reported in Mongolia. The case-control study included 36 patients with SARS-CoV-2 conducted in China and 3 cases of active tuberculosis and 5 cases of old tuberculosis diagnosed in the case group (n=13) of the study. Moreover, 3 cases of tuberculosis calcification and latent tuberculosis respectively were detected without a former history of Tuberculosis. Few studies were conducted regarding Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection among patients with tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: The descriptive study design was applied to conduct the study. We used data from an integrated system for the registration of COVID-19 (www.tandalt.gerege.mn) and a case-based electronic TB registration system (tubes. mn). We collected data on patients with tuberculosis and Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection of Tuberculosis from the National Center for Communicable Diseases. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (№2022/3-01). Results: We recruited 87.8% (n=58) patients from Ulaanbaatar city and 8 patients 12.2% from rural areas of Mongolia. The 27 male participants 40.9% and 39 female participants 59% were included and the mean age was 37±14.7. 33.3% (n=22) of patients with co-infection with coronavirus and tuberculosis had comorbidities, including 18% (n=4) dust allergies, 5% (n=1) diabetes, 36% (n=8) hepatitis B and C virus, 14% (n=3) arterial hypertension syndrome, 14% (n=3) chronic lung disease, 5% (n=1) chronic gastrointestinal disease, and 5% (n=1) chronic kidney disease. Of the 72 patients participating in the study, 9% (n=6) patients died, 66.7% (n=4) were female and 33.3% (n=2) were male. 83.3% (n=5) new TB cases and 16.7% (n=1) TB treatment follow-up case was recorded. According to our research, the mortality rate among patients with co-infection with coronavirus and tuberculosis is CFR=6.7%. Conclusion: 1. The patients co-infection of 33.3%, with coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and tuberculosis 2. Tuberculosis patients show a risk rate of death from complications of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection of 6.7 per 100 people