A study of risk factors affecting premature birth of the mothers who gave birth in Dornogobi province (2012-2021)

Abstract

Background: Premature birth is when the cervix is prepared and regular uterine contractions occur before 37 weeks of pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), premature birth refers to the phenomenon of premature birth between the 22nd and 37th week of pregnancy. Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity in developing countries. Aim: To determine the preterm birth status and influencing factors of the mothers who gave birth in Dornogobi hospital in the years 2012-2021. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis research method including the premature birth histories which were given birth in Dornogobi hospital in the years 2012-2021. Results: In the years 2012-2021, 3.1% of the total births in Dornogobi province were premature births. 31.6% out of all mothers with premature birth had severe complications during pregnancy of 8.7% of them had gestational edema, 4.8% had gestational hypertension with mild proteinuria, 6.3% had gestational hypertension with severe proteinuria, 4% had decreased amniotic fluid, 5.1% had placenta previa. For delivering process, 68% of all mothers were with natural birth, and 24.4% of all mothers were with cesarean section. Out of 38.6% of the mothers who had severe complications during pregnancy, 24% had premature rupture of membranes, 6.9% had labor depression, and 2.6% had prolonged labor. 93.9% of premature infants were alive, and 6.1% were stillbirths. For infant weight, 3,9% of them were born with up to 999 gr weight, 12226.6% were born with 1000-1999 grams, and 69.5% were born with 2000-2499 grams. Conclusion: 1. In the last 10 years, 3.1% of the total births were premature births. Out of 31.6% of severe complications during pregnancy, gestational edema, gestational hypertension with severe proteinuria, and placenta abruption are more common. 2. 38.6% of all mothers with premature births, early amniotic fluid leaking, labor depression, and prolonged labor are more common. 35.9% of disease cases of infants with premature births were recorded, birth asphyxia, infant respiratory distress 90 (19.7%) are more common.