The study of the effects of Chelidonium majus on the growth of cancer cells

Abstract

Background: Chelidonium majus (CM) is a perennial plant and its above ground part and aqueous and alcoholic extract have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of wide variety of illnesses. The therapeutic properties of any herb depend largely on the type of plant, the type of extract, and the cells involved. Although there is evidence that the CM extract inhibits the migration of breast and laryngeal cancer cells, there is no information on how it affects the migration of liver cancer cells. Therefore, we aimed to compare the action of alcohol extracts from each part of CM plant with HepG2 cell culture of the liver. The following objectives have been set for this purpose. 1. To compare the effect of each extract on the growth of liver cancer cells 2. To compare the effect of each extract on HepG2 cell migration 3. To compare the effect of each extract on HepG2 cell using IC50 calculation Materials and Methods: According to the comparative experimental study model, the action of CM plant extracts on HepG2 cell line in vitro was compared in each group. 5 types of extracts (F70, F45, S70, S45, M45) diluted with 70% and 45% ethanol from each leaf and stem of the plant in the biological chemistry laboratory. Results: After 24 hours of sequential dosing of the HepG2 cell culture, non-toxic doses of the extracts reduced cell growth to 64.5-74.2% and 23.5-39.6%, respectively, at 48 and 72 hours (p <0.05). Cell migration was conducted using scratch assay method and ImageJ program after treatment of nontoxic dose of CM extract in cell culture for 8 hours and M45 extract inhibited the migration the most compared to other extracts. Leaf extract cell toxicity IC 50 dose was significantly less than stem extracts. Conclusion: 1. The effects of 5 types of plant extracts on cancer cell toxicity and inhibition of cell growth were different for each extract. 2. Plant leaves has toxic effect in low doses, while stem extract in 8 times higher doses is toxic on HepG2 cell. 3. Non-toxic dose of CM extracts inhibits cell growth at 48and 72-hours treatment. á