The risk of outdoor air pollution and semen quality

Abstract

Background: Ulaanbaatar is one of the most polluted capital cities in the world. In the winter, the average daily PM2.5 level of pollution is 687 micrograms per cubic meter, which is 80% higher than the WHO recommended safe level2. Air pollution contributes to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological disorders and infertility3. Materials and Methods: The study is hospital based retrospective design.The study was conducted from January 1, 2020 to April 31, 2021 on the NCMCH-Infertility Reproductive Center. Semen analysis protocol: Semen sample was stored at room temperature for 15 to 60 minutes to allow liquefaction of semen. Concentration and motility was assessed under a phase contrast microscope at 200x magnification with a Makler Chamber. Total 200 of spermatozoa counted to classify motility. Air quality measurement: The average daily amount of air pollutants in Ulaanbaatar is determined by Meteorological and Environmental Research Agency with 6 locations. The study was used 24-hour measurement data of 4 air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10) at 1-hour intervals. All recordings of the measurement from October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 were included in the study. Results: Changes of semen quality in the seasonal effects. However, semen volume and sperm count tend to increase in January-July and decrease steadily in August-December. Conclusion: 1. Semen volume and sperm count tend to increase in January-July and decrease steadily in August-December. 2.The average annual air pollutant PM10 at Ulaanbaatar in 2020 was 129.111.6 μg/m3.