Studying the association of significances of Serum lactate dehydrogenase level with prognosis of adulthood acute leukemia

Abstract

Background: Biochemical markers such as serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and ferritin have gained importance for monitoring the prognosis of leukemia. In recent years, leukemia cases are increasing and diagnosis of leukemia has improved due to improvement of diagnosis and treatment in Mongolia. Biochemical markers are not used commonly in clinical practice even though they are very significant for everyday clinical practice. Due to such reasons we studied this topic. Materials and Methods: There were131 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia from april 2017 to October 2020 in a single center, the General Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, The First Central Hospital of Mongolia. Complete blood count tests were run on Sysmex XN2000 and diagnosis was confirmed through peripheral blood, bone marrow aspiration, cytochemical stain and immunophenotyping. LDH tested on COBAS6000 and C311, and ferritin tested on e411. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using STATA15. Results: All 131 newly diagnosed cases of acute leukemia were reported and morphology was consistent with acute AML (80.15%), ALL (17.56%) and mixed –phenotype acute leukemia (2.29%). Age range was 44.1±15.6. Compared to 2 groups with LDH levels high and low, elevated LDH activity accompanied with increasing of WBC (P=0,002), lymphocytes % (P=0,0082), bone marrow blasts (P=0,022), overall survival (P=0,0034). Overall survival was significantly longer in patients who expressed low LDH activity groups (p=0.03). LDH levels in ALL patients were 3167.03±3613.09u/L and AML patients were 572.3±603.5 u/L. Ferritin levels were 1830±325.3 µg/L for AML patients and 1233.7±726.2 µg/L for ALL patients. There were no statistically significant differences in such groups. Conclusion: In summary AML is a more common type of acute leukemia in adults. Alterations in CBC and biochemistry are variable in different types of acute leukemia.