Effects of the Luteolin-gadolinium complex on C48/80induced inflammatory responses in HMC-1 mast cells

Abstract

Background: Mast cell activation and the release of inflammatory mediators play central roles in the pathogenesis of urticaria. Luteolin possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties, whereas the luteolin-gadolinium complex (Lut-Gd) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage models. However, the effects of Lut-Gd on mast cell activation remain unclear. Aim: To evaluate the effects of Lut-Gd on cell viability, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory mediator release in Compound 48/80 (C48/80)-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Materials and Methods: HMC-1 cells were stimulated with C48/80 and treated with either luteolin or Lut-Gd. Cell viability and membrane integrity were assessed using CCK-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, respectively. Histamine, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations in culture supernatants were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: At the concentrations selected for subsequent experiments, C48/80 (10 μg/mL), luteolin (2.5 μg/mL), and LutGd (10 μg/mL) did not induce significant cytotoxicity. C48/80 stimulation significantly increased the release of histamine, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α from HMC-1 cells. Treatment with either luteolin or Lut-Gd significantly reduced the levels of these inflammatory mediators (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Lut-Gd suppressed C48/80-induced release of histamine and inflammatory cytokines from HMC-1 cells without inducing significant cytotoxicity, supporting its potential anti-inflammatory activity in mast cell-mediated inflammation.