Importance of immunohistochemical diagnosis of early gastric cancer

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer in Mongolia and the first leading cause of cancer death. Immunohistochemistry allows the pathologist to see hormones, receptors, enzymes, and immunoglobulins on the tissue biopsies of as if they were being seen on living tissue. This method is used in many pathological diagnoses, such as identifying and differentiating the origin of cancer tissue, detecting primary metastatic foci, assessing tumor hormone activity and tumor biological properties, and determining growth prognosis. Markers such as Ki67, HER 2, and AMACR have been identified, especially in early gastric cancer. A study of 20 patients who underwent mucosal resection in the endoscopic department of the Second State Central Hospital between 2015 and 2020 included: AMACR enzyme stained in 84.6% of 13 cases with a score of +2 and +3, indicating glandular cell carcinoma and Ki67 cell proliferation. In 20% of cases, low-grade cancer with a score of +2 was found to be highly toxic and likely to recur, and in a HER2 score of 15%, a score of +2 and +3 was a sign of poor prognosis. Therefore, it is concluded that these positive cases should be referred to the next level of detailed analysis.