Study on incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in urguu maternity hospital

Abstract

Background: The diabetes is a group of metabolic disease characterized by a decreasing in insulin secretion and a glucose levels increasing in blood. The blood glucose levels rise during the gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is the world health problem that causes both short-term and long-term complications for the mother and fetus. The disease causes high blood pressure in women during pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome; large fetuses at birth, amniotic fluid, increasing frequency of caesarean delivery due to miscarriage, and type 2 diabetes after birth. Study design and method: The survey was retrospective method and conducted using the questionnaire. 156 mothers with a diagnosis of diabetes in 2017 - 2019 were selected in the random group, and the births of 200 healthy mothers who were born normally were selected in the control group at “Urguu” Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar. The survey was made on the 1st of April and the 10th of July, 2020. Results: At “Urguu” Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, the prevalence of gestational diabetes was 48 cases out of 11,785 births in 2017, 38 cases out of 11,753 births in 2018, and 112 cases out of 11,571 births in 2019.The average age of women with gestational diabetes was 33.01 ± 5.39 in the case group and 29.29 ± 5.26 in the control group. In a survey of the genetic questionnaire on diabetes in a group of women, 12.8% (n = 20) had a genetic diabetes mellitus. The case of diabetes during pregnancy was strongly correlated with the level of statistical significance of the women in genetic with a history of diabetes ( P<0.000).The prenatal body mass index (BMI) of women with gestational diabetes was 29.96 ± 5.02, while that of healthy women was 23.08 ± 3.87 (P< 0.000).The prenatal BMI of women with gestational diabetes was 34.74 ± 5.15 and the BMI of healthy women was 27.32 ± 3.87. Gestational diabetes mellitus was strongly correlated with a woman’s body weight (P<0.000). Conclusion: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus tends to increase annually at “Urguu” Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar. Maternal age, obesity, BMI and heredity are risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus.