Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C virus infections in the population of Mongolia: Results of a population-based screening study

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent significant public health challenges globally, particularly in Mongolia. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that over 800,000 cases of liver cancer were linked to viral hepatitis in 2021, primarily caused by HBV and HCV. The high prevalence of these infections emphasizes the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies, especially in lowand middle-income countries where healthcare access is often inadequate. Aim: To determine the spread of Hepatitis B and C virus infections among the population of Mongolia and the risk factors affecting it. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mongolia from May 2022 to May 2024, targeting individuals aged 18 years and older. The study screened a total of 231,998 individuals for HBV, utilizing serological tests to determine the presence of HBV surface antigens (HBsAg). The screening revealed a 5.6% prevalence rate, with 12,991 individuals testing positive. Additionally, 433,210 individuals were screened for HCV, resulting in a prevalence rate of 9.3%. Demographic data, including age, gender, education level, and socio-economic status, were collected to identify risk factors associated with these viral infections. Results: The study found a higher prevalence of HBV in men (6.8%) compared to women (4.8%). Rural populations exhibited significantly higher rates of HBV infection than urban centers. Analysis of risk factors indicated that individuals with lower education levels were more likely to be infected; those with less than a high school education had a 1.37 times higher risk of contracting HBV. In terms of HCV, the screening revealed that women were at a greater risk (1.48 times) compared to men, with lower education levels correlating with a 2.15 times increased risk of HCV infection. These findings underscore the influence of socio-economic status and education on the prevalence of HBV and HCV in the Mongolian population. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HBV and HCV in Mongolia necessitates the implementation of comprehensive public health strategies. Current vaccination and screening programs require enhancement to effectively address the rising rates of these infections. Targeted interventions that improve access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas, are essential. Furthermore, educational outreach regarding the transmission and prevention of viral hepatitis must be intensified to reduce the overall burden of these diseases in Mongolia.