Results of a spatial study of the morphometric parameters of the permanent second molar canal in Mongolian people

Abstract

Background: For dentists, the main basis for successful root canal treatment lies in the knowledge of the anatomical structure of the root canal and the careful and meticulous cleaning and shaping of the canal. The most difÏcult anatomical form of the canal is the C-shaped canal system. Because the walls of the C-shaped canals are thin and in some parts form a narrow ribbon shape, doctors and researchers have noted that during mechanical cleaning and shaping of the canal, there are risks of leaving debris in the canal cavity and perforation of the canal wall. Therefore, studying the distribution of C-shaped canals in the morphometric parameters of permanent second molars in three-dimensional spatial form or using the C-shaped canal analysis method is not only important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of these diseases, but also the lack of research in this field in our country, which is the reason for conducting this study. Aim: Morphometric parameters of the canals of permanent second molars and determination of the prevalence of C-shaped canals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a purposive sampling method, and 50 images were selected from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of patients aged 15-55 years who had been treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Department of the National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS) since July 2014. The morphometry of the canals of the canines and maxillary second molars was determined for each root, and the prevalence of C-shaped canals in all cases was studied. The study was conducted within the framework of ethical approval (2023/301-20) and statistical processing was performed using SPSS27 software. Results: The prevalence of C-shaped canals in the canines of the canines was 14.2% and in the maxillary second molars was 52.1%. In terms of root canal morphometric parameters, Vertucci’s type I was identified in 85%, 98%, and 100% of cases in the buccal, buccal, and palatal canals of the second molars with 3 canals in the maxilla, while type IV was predominantly found in the medial canal of the second molars with 3 canals in the maxilla, accounting for 67% of the total cases. Conclusions: 1. The prevalence of C-shaped canals in permanent second molars of Mongolians is more common in maxillary teeth. 2. In terms of canal shape, types I and IV are predominant.