Incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus in Mongolia

Abstract

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing, and this trend is also apparent in Mongolia. Research suggests that by 2030, approximately 643 million people, or one in ten individuals, will be diagnosed with DM, leading to complications such as the risk of amputations, visual impairments, renal failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. It is crucial to enhance prevention and access to medical care. In Mongolia, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has significantly risen from 3.1% in 1999 to 10.8% in 2023. This research was motivated by the lack of studies examining the incidence of new-onset of all forms of DM in Mongolia. Aim: This study aims to investigate the incidence of new-onset of DM among the Mongolian population over the past five years. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study included 20,582 new cases diagnosed with DM during the last 5 years. Results: Out of the 20,582 newly diagnosed cases in the last five years, 47.2% were male, and 52.8% were female. Among the newly diagnoses DM patients individuals aged 50-59 years (31.6%), and in individuals who living in urban area (55.3%) were dominant. A higher incidence rate of 13.6 per 10,000 population was observed in Ulaanbaatar and the Tuv region, whereas a lower rate of 7.6 per 10,000 population was documented in the Khangai region. Among the areas, the highest incidence rate of DM was reported in Bulgan (20.5), Selenge (20.1), and Umnugobi (15.9), while the lowest incidence rate was recorded in Uvurkhangai (4.5), Khuvsgul (5.1), and Sukhbaatar (5.9). Conclusion: The study reveals that the incidence rate of new-onset diabetes mellitus per 10,000 population in Mongolia has increased to 11.5-18.7 over the last five years. Demographic analysis shows that the incidence of new-onset diabetes is predominantly observed among women and individuals aged 50-59 years. Geographically, the incidence rate is higher in Ulaanbaatar city and Tuv region, and the incidence rate varies across different provinces and districts.