The result of S100B protein as a biomarker of nerve tissue injury in the brain stroke patients

Abstract

Background: In Mongolia, new strokes occur annually at 220-290 per 100,000 population, and deaths at 130 per 100,000 population, indicating a high prevalence. During stroke, the activity of astrocytes near blood vessels increases, the level of S100B protein released from them increases, and microglia cells are activated to release tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-8, and IL-6. The researchers noted that hemorrhagic changes and swelling can occur due to the effect of cytokines. Thus, in our country, there has been no study using the S100B protein level in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke, which is the reason for conducting this study. Aim: Study of S100B protein as a biomarker of nerve tissue injury in the brain stroke patients Materials and Methods: We conducted this study using an analytical case-control design. We included a total of 66 relatively healthy people aged 45-65 who had a stroke. S100B protein levels were determined in the serum of both groups and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the case group only. Statistical processing was performed using SPSS-25 software to compare mean differences between 2 groups using independent sample T-test, ROC analysis and multiple regression between variables. Results: The mean value of S100B protein level in case group was 94.5±10.9 ng/L, and the mean value was 67.0±12.7 ng/L in the control group (p<0.05). S100B protein level in the CSF of the case group was 112.1±14.3 ng/L, which was different from the serum protein level (p<0.05). Serum S100B protein levels in the case group were not affected by factors such as glucose (β=0.209, р>0.25), total cholesterol (β=0.261, р>0.99), triglycerides (β=0.156, р>0.42), LDL (β=0.08, р>0.61), and systolic pressure (β=-0.661, р>0.21). The sensitivity and specificity of ROC analysis in the study groups was 58.6% and 96.7% (p=0.0001). Conclusions: 1. Determination of serum S100B protein level in the case group was 94.5±10.9 ng/L and 67.0±12.7 ng/L in the control group, indicating that the level of S100B protein is increased in stroke patients (p<0.0001). 2. The level of S100B protein in CSF of stroke patients was higher than that in serum (112.1±14.3 ng/L). 3. Factors such as glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and blood pressure that could affect serum S100B protein levels in the case group had no effect (p>0.05).