Determination of some virulence factors from Candida species in oral candidiasis

Abstract

Background: Candidiasis is a common infection of the skin, vagina and esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, and oral cavity of humans. Early detection and appropriate treatment of oral candidiasis are important measures to reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk populations. Aim: To detect cases of oral candidiasis in the old aged and to determine some virulence factors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done on over 55 year old age served the The State Dental Center and orthopedic department. A total of 253 subjects participated in the study. Oral swab samples were collected from participates, and were identified Candida spp by molecular biological methods. Multiplex PCR done for detection of virulence genes encoding aspartyl proteinase (Saps) and phospholipase enzyme (PLB). Transposable elements located in 25S rDNA were amplified by PCR to divide A, B, C, D and E genotype. Results: Candida spp were detected in 116 (45.8%) of 253 samples. Out of 116 isolates, 82.8% (96/116) were identified as C.albicans, while 10.3% (12/116) were identified as C.glabrata, 0.9% (1/116) as C.kefyr, 0.9% (1/116) asC.tropicalis, 0.9% (1 /116) as C. krusei, and 4.3% (5/116) as co-infection of C.albicans and C.glabrata was found, respectively. In this study, out of 116 isolates, phospholipase activity and aspartyl proteinase were detected high in 75.9% and 78.4% Candida spp. Of the 62 isolates produced both phospholipase, aspartyl proteinase, 12.9% belonged to genotype A, 27.4% belonged to genotype B, 8.1% belonged to genotype C and 51.6% belonged to genotype D. Conclusion: Candida spp was detected in 45.8% of the study participants, 82.8% were C.albicans and 17.2% were non-albicans candida. Candida species showed more aspartyl proteinase and phospholipase activity and most of them belonged to genotype D.