Clarifying some scientific applications of green fluorescent protein

Abstract

Background: Since its discovery in 1962, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has been used in many fields of science, especially in the biological and biomedical fields, in tumor diagnosis and treatment. In 2008, when the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the team of Shimomura, Chalfie, and Tsien, who discovered the green fluorescent protein, the Nobel Committee named GFP as a “Guiding star” that makes invisible biochemical processes such as cancer cell proliferation visible. Aim: To clarify some scientific applications of green fluorescent protein. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the published works using green fluorescent protein in electronic sources such as Thomson Reuters, Pubmed-central database, and Google Scholar, and made a conclusion using the literature review and summary method. Ethical permission to start this study was discussed at the meeting of the Research Ethics Control Committee of ASUU on November 24, 2023 (March 9, 2023). Results: GFP/S65T or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) consists of 238 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 32.7 kDa, formed by replacing Serine-65 with Threonine-65 in the amino acid sequence that forms the light-active chromophore center of the natural form of GFP. Å wide and 40 Å high mutation protein. The S65T mutation alters the hydrogen bond of amino acid glutamine at 222 and suppresses the negative charge, enabling ionization of the chromophore center17. Conclusion: For many new discoveries and inventions of international scientific fields, there are high-quality applications for cancer and gene therapy, which are discovering plasmids that express green fluorescent proteins. á á